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RGUHS Nat. J. Pub. Heal. Sci Vol No: 17 Issue No: 1 pISSN:
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Animal Models in Periodontal Research: Insights into Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
Dr Koduru Sravani*, Dr.Ashwin Prabhu, Dr. Pallavi K Nanaiah, Dr. Archana R Naik, Dr. Anupama Aradhya, Dr.Pradeep Chandra K
Department Of Periodontology, Dayanand Sagar College Of Dental Sciences, Banglore, Karnataka , India
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by microbial accumulation on tooth surfaces, leading to the destruction of root cementum, periodontal ligament, gingiva, and alveolar bone, resulting in various intraosseous defects. It is influenced not only by microbial infection but also by host susceptibility. Clinical manifestations include gingival inflammation, tooth-supporting structure breakdown, tooth mobility, and ultimately tooth loss. Moreover, periodontitis is associated with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Control measures include scaling, root planing, and rigorous oral hygiene practices. The primary goal of periodontal treatment is to regenerate lost periodontal tissues through non-surgical or surgical methods, local drug delivery, guided tissue regeneration using biomaterials, bone substitutes, and advanced techniques. Animal models play a critical role in testing these treatments for safety and efficacy before human application. Various species including rats, hamsters, ferrets, pigs, dogs, and rabbits are used to induce periodontal disease and evaluate therapeutic strategies. Each species presents distinct advantages and challenges, offering valuable insights into periodontal pathogenesis and treatment efficacy. This article provides a comprehensive review of animal models in periodontal research, emphasizing on their anatomical resemblances to humans, genetic and physiological characteristics, ease of handling, and ethical considerations. These models facilitate controlled experiments that yield valuable insights into periodontal health and disease mechanisms. However, differences in physiology and ethical concerns necessitate careful interpretation and application of findings to clinical practice.
An Array of Patterns in the Diagnosis of Oral Pathosis
Ninad Vijay Chavan1*Sahana NS, Jyoti Tahasildar, Savita Shiragur, Akalya Purushothaman
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
The spectrum of oral diseases in an individuals may experience oral diseases ranging from localized lesions to systemic disorders, which the person may be unaware of. In such circumstances, early and accurate diagnosis of oral diseases becomes paramount. Over the history of evolution in medical sciences, the diagnosis of various diseases through different modalities has evolved, along with the essential signs and symptoms exhibited by patients. Clinical examination of the patient can reveal various patterns or signs that can help establish a provisional diagnosis. Though these patterns can often overlap, they are still helpful in the diagnosis. The discovery of X-rays or radiographs holds a special place in the diagnosis of various diseases, including those affecting the oral cavity. Various techniques of radiographs such as Intra-oral Periapical Radiograph (IOPAR), Bitewing, Orthopantomogram (OPG), Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Computed Tomography scans and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used in diagnosing oral conditions. Using these radiographs to analyze the patterns created by different lesions in conjunction with a suitable clinical evaluation, assists both dental students and practitioners narrow down the differential diagnoses. Therefore, this review aims to assist clinicians in diagnosing by recognizing various patterns encountered in both clinical and radiographical settings.
Relationship Between Basal Mesiodistal Crown Widths of Deciduous Second Molars and the Permanent First Molars
Dr. Akshata S H*, Dr. Priya Nagar, Dr. Maithili Kulkarni,, Dr. Sanjanadevi A
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
Introduction: Dental crowding is a common malocclusion in children that is often seen during the transitional dentition phase. The choice of an appropriate treatment strategy may be influenced by various factors contributing to crowding. Thus the study's goal was to evaluate the potential for early prediction of crowding by analysing the mixed dentition stage using the mesiodistal dimensions of primary second molar, first permanent molar, and arch length measurements. Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain, in the Karnataka local population, the relationship between the basal mesiodistal widths of first permanent molars and second primary molars. Methodology: For this observational study, casts of 150 children in the age range of 8 to 11 years were chosen as the sample. The selected mandibular and maxillary casts were trimmed to the basal bone and examined. With the calliper positioned parallel to the occlusal surface, the greatest distance between the mesial and distal points of contact was determined. All the measurements were recorded by a single inspector, and the resulting data were tallied and utilized for statistical examination. Results: A new technique that predicts malocclusion based on the permanent first molar and the primary second molar widths was developed based on the highly significant correlations observed between the teeth. Conclusion: Utilizing the widths of the first permanent molars and the adjacent deciduous second molars, a novel approach for predicting dental crowding was developed.
E-LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC – PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNS FROM A PRIVATE DENTAL INSTITUTION IN BANGALORE – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Dr Sujithra S*, Misbah Noorain, Suchetha A, Dr Deepti Vadavi, Dr Harikiran A G, Vinodhini K
DAPM RV Dental College, Bangalore, India.
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic arguably represents the worst public health crisis of the 21st century. However, a paucity of literature examines the interns' perspective in dentistry on e-learning during the pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 with the target population as interns of DAPM RV Dental College in Bangalore Karnataka who were in their final year during the onset of the pandemic. A convenient sampling method was incorporated. Primary data was collected using a questionnaire (under 6 domains) via Google Forms and distributed to all interns pursuing an internship at DAPMRV Dental College through a WhatsApp group. Results: The outcome of our survey confirmed that, during the COVID-19 pandemic and thereafter, reforms in dental clinical training and assessment strategies should be more extensive, using virtual reality haptic labs, simulation technologies, and reliable tools that support attaining adequate skills and objective evaluating student’s clinical abilities in comparison with e-learning. It was also observed that gender did not significantly influence the responses of the study participants. Conclusion: Our study showed that students partially appreciated the new system with e-lectures and discussion forums, however, they expressed missing on-in-campus educational experiences. Keywords: Covid 19, SARS-CoV-2, Dental education, dental undergraduates, pandemic, questionnaire, e-learning.
Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength of AH Plus Sealer to Radicular Dentin after using EDTA and different Herbal Agents as Final Root Canal Irrigants: An In Vitro Study
Dr Medha Kulkarni, Dr. Pallavi Gopashetti, Dr. Madhu Pujar, Dr. Aishwarya Sinha, Dr. Ajay Praveen, Dr suprit pawar
Maratha Mandal's Nathaji G Rao Halgekar Institute Of Dental Sciences and research center, belagavi, India.
Aim To evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer to radicular dentin treated with EDTA, aqueous extract of neem, and apple cider vinegar (ACV) as final root canal irrigants. Materials and methods Thirty-six human permanent single-rooted teeth were extracted and de-coronated. The root canals were instrumented using Protaper universal rotary system (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and were prepared up to F3 apical size. The roots were then randomly divided into three groups according to (n = 12) the final irrigation regimen: Group I: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); Group II: Neem leaf extract (NLE); Group III: Apple cider vinegar (ACV), followed by a final flush of saline and canals were dried using paper points. The canals were coated with AH Plus sealer with the aid of a Lentulo spiral and obturated with #F3 gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer). After 24 hours of obturation, each root was horizontally sliced into three slices, labeled coronal, middle, and apical, each measuring 3 mm thick. The push-out bond strength (PBS) evaluation was carried out using the universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, Results The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The highest push-out bond strength was noticed in the group irrigated using EDTA compared to neem and ACV in the middle and apical third of the tested samples. However, in the coronal third, group irrigated with NLE showed highest value of PBS which was statistically significant compared to EDTA and ACV.
Comparative study on the Flexural strength of RMGIC and Cention N and evaluation of their shear bond strength with Composite: An in vitro study
Mandeep Kaur *, Ashu K Gupta, Anshu Minocha, Ashwath kumar v, Salil Mehra, Angeline Jose
Himachal Pradesh Government Dental College , Shimla, India.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Background: Cention N was introduced as a primary restorative material in the health care centers of Malaysia, its properties concerning other materials are evaluated in the present study. Materials and Methods: To check flexure strength: 10 rectangular test bars were prepared and divided into group 1 - cention N and group 2 RMGIC were fabricated and later subjected to a three-point bending test. To check shear bond strength, 20 Acrylic blocks were prepared and divided into Group A - cention N and Group B - RMGIC, where each respective material was bonded to composite resin. Results: The study's results exhibited that Group 1( Cention-N) had the highest mean flexural strength compared to Group 2 (RMGIC). Maximum shear bond values were recorded for Group A, where Cention N was bonded to composite resin, and Group B where RMGIC was bonded to composite resin. Bond strength was checked using the universal testing machine. Conclusion: In the present study Cention N showed significant improvement in flexural and shear bonds compared to RMGIC.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT AND FEAR OF INFECTION DURING COVID - 19 PANDEMIC AMONG GENERAL DENTISTS-A SURVEY.
Dr. ALICE JEBA*, DR. VIJAY RAGHAVA, UMESH YADALAM, Dr Aditi Bose, Dr Parth Pratim Roy, NOMITHA S PRAKASH
SRI RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND HOSPITAL, India.
BACKGROUND: Viruses that cause COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, are profusely present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. It spreads through respiratory droplets, aerosols, and fomites, which altered society’s perspective regarding healthcare professionals in public gatherings. Henceforth, doctors faced lots of hardship during COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: To evaluate fear of infection and the socio-economic impact of COVID -19 pandemic among dentists. OBJECTIVES: • To determine the fear of infection during COVID-19 pandemic among dentists. • To determine the social and economic impact of COVID -19 pandemic among dentists. METHODOLOGY: A survey was conducted among 255 general dentists through online Google Forms. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions, related to knowledge, attitude, and practice with 5 questions each used in this study. RESULTS: General Practitioners (MDS-50.6%, BDS-49.4%) were the study participants. The response rate of the questionnaire was 92.72%. The mean age was 35.07 ± 8.09. The study participants in both groups had better knowledge, attitude, and practice. In comparison between the two groups, MDS practitioners had better knowledge, attitude, and practice when compared to BDS practitioners. CONCLUSION: In this study, MDS practitioners had more knowledge, attitude, and practice to handle COVID-19 situations compared to BDS practitioners. KEYWORDS: Dentists, COVID-19 pandemic, socio-economic, clinical practice, fear of infection.
EVALUATION & COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH & DIAMETRAL TENSILE STRENGTH OF CALCIUM ALUMINATE GLASS IONOMER LUTING CEMENT WITH THREE OTHER COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE LUTING GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Saadath Afzaa Shafeeq Ahamed*, NIMRA BANU, Sushant A Pai, Umamaheswari B, Dr Keerthi Ramachandra, Afreen Kouser
Department of Prosthodontics. Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Cholanagar, Bengaluru, INDIA.
Background: To evaluate and compare the compressive strength and diametral tensile strength of Calcium Aluminate Glass Ionomer cement (Ceramir) with three other commercially available glass ionomers namely, Fuji 1, Meron Plus, and Shofu HY Bond. Methodology: For the study, a total of 160 samples were used. Four different glass ionomers were grouped as Groups I, II, III & IV. Each group was tested for compressive and diametral tensile strength before and after storing in artificial saliva for 24 hours. All samples were tested using Universal Testing Machine. The load at the fracture point of specimens was noted and the strength value was determined. Results: The values recorded for compressive strength was: Group IV > Group II > Group I > Group III among the control groups and Group IV> Group II, Group III > Group I for storage groups. The values recorded for Diametral tensile strength was: Group IV > Group I> Group III> Group II for the control group, and Group IV> Group I > Group II > Group III for storage groups. The study also showed a significant increase in compressive and diametral tensile strength of individual cement after storage in artificial saliva for 24 hours except for Meron plus which showed a reduced diametral strength after storage. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, it can be concluded that Ceramir showed an intermediate Compressive and Diametral strength, whereas, Shofu HY Bond glass ionomer showed the highest Compressive and Diametral Tensile strength value among all the cements tested.
Navigating 2 x 4 Appliance in Modern Orthodontics: A Case Review
Rohini V*, Prathibha Rani S, Anantharaj A, Praveen prasanna
1D. A. PANDU MEMORIAL R. V. DENTAL COLLEGE, India.
The mixed dentition phase is regarded as one of the pivotal periods for initiating orthodontic treatment. The majority of parents have a myth that orthodontic treatment is only necessary when all the permanent teeth have completely erupted. The American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) recommends that children get orthodontic treatment as early as 7. Early treatment for certain malocclusions can rectify the occlusion and promote appropriate jaw growth and development. This article aims to emphasize a review of the applications of 2 x 4 appliances & a case report on the usage of a 2x4 appliance in addressing specific malocclusions.
ENDO- AESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF TEETH WITH OPEN APEX: A CASE REPORT
DR PRATHIMA B J*, Prashanth B R
KLE INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, India.
Treatment of teeth with open apex requires cautious dealing and perseverance in the clinical setup. The forecast of endodontic treatment in such cases is specifically related to the quality of apical obturation. Previously, treatment with Calcium hydroxide was suggested as a gold standard for establishing the hard apical stop in any case.Rather due to its disadvantages, the current administration favors apexification with an apical plug. This case report depicts the case of apexification in upper central incisors utilizing Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) plug and roll cone technique obturation. After a two-year follow-up, clinically and radiographically asymptomatic teeth are noted with obvious mending of the apical area.